1. Introduction/Literature Review. Did the author(s) adequately present the topic?

https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(11)00270-8/pdf

1. Introduction/Literature Review. Did the author(s) adequately present the topic? Do you have a better understanding of the topic and why it is the focus 
    of the paper? Why or why not? Some points to consider:

The accuracy and appeal of the title

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The depth (detail) and breadth (overview) of the topic presented in the introduction

The given rationale for the study’s need

The age of the references cited

The author(s) hypothesis

Any theories presented in support of their research

Methods. Do you think the methods listed below were the best suited in answering the study’s research questions? Why or why not? Address the following elements:

Research design:

The authors’ explanation for their chosen research design

Any alternative designs that would be better suited

Sampling methods:

Recruitment methods and sampling methods

Response rate during recruitment,

The study population (Types of participants, demographics)

Sample size

Types of data and data collection methods:

Ability of the data to answer the research questions

Adequacy of the data collection methods in ensuring reliable and credible data

Whether instruments used in data collection were tested for reliability/validity

Feasibility of data collection methods (is it worth the investment?)

Results, discussion and implications. Do you think this study’s findings fill a gap in the knowledge base on this topic? Why or why not. Do you think the study’s findings have relevance for practice and policy in this area? Why or why not. Consider:

What new knowledge was created because of this study?

How important do you think this latest information is in terms of its impact on practice and policy?

Can these results be generalized to the population in question?

Were results presented in a user-friendly manner (were there tables, graphs, charts, etc.)?

Directions for future research. Do you think the directions for future research outlined in the article will help improve on this study and move the field forward with respect to this topic? Why or why not. Consider:

The specificity of the authors’ recommendations for future research

The originality of the authors’ recommendations for future research

Your own ideas for future research

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Introduction/Literature Review

In the beginning, the title seems to give a bare rough idea about the whole study. It may be closer to accuracy but it is not that appealing or fascinating to the reader. According to the further reading, it could have been better like “Evaluatory evidences on HIV PREVENTION” or “Preventive counseling parameter Analysis for HIV” which are comparatively shorter and specific. NEED FOR STUDY-This study can be very helpful for getting more reliable facts and data relevant to HIV patients as preferably they try to remain under cover realizing they will be getting negligible acceptance in the society. The topic is adequately represented. The author states that how far the counseling program in preventing HIV is beneficial in Emergency Department. The results of the counseling are not satisfactory and hence delinking counseling with HIV testing. Funding is provided by State health department for this research. But here the patients are targeted as a whole and not specific patients who are prone to HIV are selected by counselor. Center for disease control and prevention recommended HIV screening, prevention counseling from testing. But this counseling cannot prevent the HIV when the patient at risk. But prevention counseling can reduce the risk from their behavior. Practioners need time, resources and training needed for prevention counseling to improve.HIV counseling and testing program conducted in emergency department with urban, tertiary referral hospital. Yearly 85,000patients participates from 57% black, 39%white and 0.5 Latino. Patient’s age group 18year or older. When HIV symptoms identified there will be counselor provide formal risk-assessment and prevention counseling.

Methods.

The methods are appropriate .But short term counseling method is not required for the research.Different methods can be of great help in analyzing the practicalities of such patients which requires a proper research design utmost. Counseling will be available for those selected categories from 8am to 12pm for 24 hours per day. Patients with HIV test implemented. Counselor will provide formal risk-assessment and prevention counseling with structural, questionnaire-driven interviews as a guide. Counselor also provides risk education for 30minutes.CDC will provide training for counselor for client-centered HIV prevention, role-play training, HIV education and instruction. Counselor spends 1 month time and program coordinator evaluates the counselor for their performance by direct observation for 6 months. Counseling is a method throughout the article.

Research design:

The process of this research is elaborate and lengthy. But the results must be reliable as sampling errors will be eliminated. A common fixed pattern should be followed by all the researchers who will be able conduct the analytical events in different places or cities or countries in a similar way and will be able to down everything under the same format and headings or subheadings. The benefits will be very helpful in comparing many things like number of patients at a certain place, degree of severity of disease, their response or way of dealing such a difficult situation of life etc. In this survey analysis median age was 29years(18 to 62years),46% were women, and 64% non white.HIV testing reported 71%participants 22%previous testing in an ED.With the counseling patient improved their health and 9/10 people accept for HIV test.1/3 people said they are ready to go anywhere for this test and prevention counseling. They got alteration in behavior.

Sampling methods:

It requires a lot of genuine participants who do not work only for wages but are actually self concerned about such patients and are living with a goal to serve the society as only then they will be having an urge to find and interact with the patients and try to collect more authentic data and real numbers of such patients including large sample size for the study. Participant may belong to a family in which his/her any family member had or maybe suffering from the same curse will feel more connected to the population.2groups of patient 65years and older and more than 18years or older age and black patient compared with white patient and Hispanic patients.The mean age was 30years ,51% were men,84% were black

Types of data and data collection methods:

Data should be specific and must straight answer research questions. It should be adequate enough for comparing similar observations with other patients and in order to get the same, the data collectors should be allocated respective locations for a given period of time for the extraction of data with the use of reliable instrumentation keeping in mind the optimum investments for conducting the whole research program. All these points are mentioned in the data collection methods which are good enough.Perceptions about counseling and intent to charge behavior, patient knowledge before and after prevention counseling, short term recall about counseling and testing encounter, long-term change in counseling risk, operational matrics.. Using computer generation randomization the individuals are selected and assessed. The resulting data is analyzed using certain software program

Results, discussion and implications.

The findings will definitely fill the gap between general population and HIV patients as when these surveys and study key points will be released, the people will get to know the hidden innocent component of society who is died due to being maltreated by others even before actual cessation of inspiration. These observations must be published in easily understandable ways using graphs, charts etc which were not used in this article and could be of great help.The patients were received counseling received certain positive effects. But patients who deny counseling here also doesn’t take counseling elsewhere.

Directions for future research.

It is not the good idea of eliminating counseling totally .Both counseling and testing for HIV must be needed in order to develop a healthier society. Includes step by step locomotion whose four supporting limbs will be active participants, fixed research outline, authentic data collection with comparative study and most important one representation and sharing of the same with the general population asking their suggestions as well for complete involvement of the masses in the same.